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Joan Hodgson Riviere (28 June 1883 – 20 May 1962) was a British psychoanalyst, who was both an early translator of Freud into English and an influential writer on her own account. ==Life and career== Riviere was born Joan Hodgson Verrall in Brighton, the daughter of Hugh John Verrall and his wife Ann Hodgson. Her father was a lawyer and her mother a vicar's daughter.〔(Nina Balman ''She can be put to work:Joan Riviere as translator between Freud and Jones )〕 She was educated at Brighton and then at Wycombe Abbey.〔(Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie, Joy Dorothy Harvey ''The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: L-Z'' )〕 At the age of seventeen, she went to Gotha, Germany, where she spent a year and became proficient in the German language. Her interests were primarily artistic and she was for a time a court dressmaker.〔 Riviere married in 1907 and had a child, but suffered a breakdown on the death of her father around that time. She took an interest in divorce reform and the suffragette movement. Her uncle, Arthur Woollgar Verrall organised meetings of the Society for Psychical Research where she discovered the work of Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jones, and this stimulated her interest in psychoanalysis. Suffering from emotional distress, she went for therapeutic psychoanalysis with Ernest Jones in 1916. In 1916 and 1917 she spent some time in a sanatorium because of nerves. Jones was impressed by her understanding of psychoanalytic principles and processes and she became a founding member of the British Psychoanalytical Society, formed in 1919. At the Hague conference in 1920, she met Freud for the first time and asked to be analysed by him. She also met Melanie Klein. She was translation editor of the International Journal of Psycho-Analysis from its inception in 1920 until 1937. In 1921 she worked with Freud and his daughter Anna Freud, Ernest Jones, James Strachey and Alix Strachey on the Glossary Committee, and translating Freud's work into English. She supervised the translation and editing of volumes 1, 2 and 4 of the Collected Papers, and is arguably the best translator of Freud's work: 'the incomparable Joan Riviere, that "tall Edwardian beauty wuth picture hat and scarlet parasol", whose renderings retained more of Freud's stylistic energy than any others'.〔Peter Gay, ''Freud: A Life for our Time'' (London 1989) p. 465〕 Meanwhile, her personal analysis with Jones had become difficult and when he reached an impasse, he recommended her to Sigmund Freud for further psychoanalysis. This took place in Vienna in 1922.〔(Mary Jacobus ''The poetics of psychoanalysis: in the wake of Klein'' (Stolen Goods:Joan Riviere) )〕 When she returned to London, Riviere became actively involved in the work of the British Psychoanalytical Society. She met Klein again in Salzburg in 1924 and became a key proponent of Melanie Klein's ideas. In 1929 she was assisting Sylvia Payne in organising the Oxford conference. She became a training analyst in 1930 and was the analyst of Susan Isaacs, John Bowlby, and Donald Winnicott and supervised Hanna Segal, Herbert Rosenfeld, and Henri Rey.〔Athol Hughes (Ed) ''The Inner World and Joan Riviere. Collected Papers: 1920–1958'' Karnac Books. 1991〕 Her supervisees 'all pay tribute to her originality, intellect, sensitivity, kindness, and culture, as well as to her sharp tongue and forcefulness'.〔Mary Jacobus, ''The Poetics of Psychoanalysis'' (Oxford 2005) p. 35n〕 James Strachey concluded that 'indeed, she was a very formidable person';〔Jacobus, p. 35n〕 and when in her paper on "Hate" she wrote of 'an elation which is pleasurable on overcoming an obstacle, or on getting one's own way'〔Melanie Klein/Joan Riviere, ''Love, Hate and Reparation'' (New York 1964) p. 5〕 she may (as so often) have been rooting her comments in personal experience. As well as translating Freud's work, Riviere published several seminal works of her own. In 1929 she published "Womanliness as a Masquerade" in which she looks at an area of sexual development of intellectual women in particular, where femininity is a defensive mask that is put on to hide masculinity. In 1932 she published "Jealousy as a Mechanism of Defence" in which jealousy is seen to be a defence against envy aroused by the primal scene. In 1936 she incorporated Melanie Klein's findings on the depressive position in "A Contribution to the Analysis of the Negative Therapeutic Reaction". . In the same year she managed put Klein's theories in the context of Freud's work in "The Genesis of Psychical Conflict in Earliest Infancy," delivered in Vienna in honour of Freud's 80th birthday.〔 From 1942 to 1944 Riviere took an active role in the Controversial discussions at the British Psychoanalytical Society, in particular supporting the Kleinian faction.〔Pearl King, Riccardo Steiner (Eds) The Freud-Klein Controversies 1941–45 The New Library ofPsychoanalysis〕 'However, by the 1950s Riviere was dissociating herself from the circle of disciples who surrounded Klein'.〔Mary Jacobus, ''The Poetics of Psychoanalysis'' (Oxford 2005) p. 36n〕 Riviere married Evelyn Riviere, a barrister and son of artist Briton Rivière in 1906. Their only child, Diana, was born in 1908.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joan Riviere」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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